Industries contributes various kinds of pollutants to the environment. Different countries in the world are facing different types of industrial pollution problems.
The notch stress approach for fatigue assessment of welded joints is based on the highest elastic stress at the weld toe or root.
The weld toe is a primary source of fatigue cracking because of the severity of the stress concentration it produces.
The work contained in this report was carried out as part of the National Physical Laboratory's MTS Programme on Processability, the purpose of which was to provide engineers.